The Applied GRG has been involved in an exciting project to assess the impact of the newly-reintroduced Banff National Park bison on vegetation communities in their core range. Bison are "ecosystem engineers" whose wallowing, trampling, grazing, browsing, and even defecating activities have substantial effects on plant and animal communities around them. We had a unique opportunity to survey parts of the bison reintroduction zone prior to their release to establish a baseli